A list of the latest RFQs: Global Brass Ferrules Buyer

need to buy Brass Ferrule Fittings, for Construction. Our destination port is Philippines. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings, for Construction. Need supplier from Taiwan. Our order quantity is 990 Pieces initially and [...]

Need supplier who can provide Brass Ferrule Fittings, for Construction. Need to import in Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule Fittings, for Construction. Need quotes from suppliers of [...]

Need supply of Dutux Brass Ferrule Cock Size: M8 for Pipe Fitting. We are importing in Australia. We need a USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Dutux Brass Ferrule Cock Size: M8 for Pipe Fitting. Our preferred selection is from India. The quantity we need [...]

Looking for supply of Brass Ferrule Cock Adjustable. I will be importing it to Australia. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Cock Adjustable. Need quotation from suppliers from India. The order size is 1 Pieces initially and we may [...]

Need supply of Brass Ferrule Fitting for Chemical Fertilizer Pipe. Need to import in Israel. Need Ask Buyer per Pieces price for bulk orders for Brass Ferrule Fitting for Chemical Fertilizer Pipe. Need supplier from Thailand. Our order quantity is 660 Pi [...]

I need company to supply Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 4 - 5 Inch for Industrial. We want shipment in Australia. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 4 - 5 Inch for Industrial. Our preferred selection is from Jap [...]

Any company selling Parker and SWAGELOK Brass Ferrule Fittings, Application:Hydraulic and Chemical Fertilizer .... Can you ship it to Canada. Looking forward for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Parker and SWAGELOK Brass Ferrule Fittings, Application:H [...]

Any company who can provide Brass Ferrule Cap. Need suppliers who can ship to United Kingdom. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Cap. Expecting quotes from sellers in China. We need 860 Pieces initially and we require this pr [...]

Looking for Samir Steel Syndicate Brass Ferrule Fitting Size: 1/2 inch. Need shipment of these in France. Looking for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Samir Steel Syndicate Brass Ferrule Fitting Size: 1/2 inch. Need quotation from suppliers from China. [...]

Need supplier who can provide SYSCO PIPING Brass Ferrule Fittings, Size: 3/4 inch, for Gas Pipe. I will be importing it to Australia. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for SYSCO PIPING Brass Ferrule Fittings, Size: 3/4 inch, for Gas Pipe. Our pref [...]

I need company to supply Brass Ferrule Fitting for Chemical Fertilizer Pipe. Want suppliers who can export to France. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fitting for Chemical Fertilizer Pipe. Expecting quotes from sellers in Ind [...]

I require Brass Ferrule Fittings. Our destination port is Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule Fittings. Our preferred supplier is from China. We need approx 280 Pieces initially and t [...]

Need supplier who can provide Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 1/2 To 3 Inch. We want shipment in Australia. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 1/2 To 3 Inch. Our preferred sourcing location is Taiwan. Our order [...]

I need company to supply Parker and SWAGELOK Brass Ferrule Fittings, Application:Hydraulic and Chemical Fertilizer .... I will import this to Netherlands. Need Ask Buyer per Pieces price for bulk orders for Parker and SWAGELOK Brass Ferrule Fittings, App [...]

Looking to purchase Brass Ferrule Nut. Our shipment location is India. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule Nut. Any supplier from India. Our order will be of 1200 Pieces initially and if terms are [...]

Need supply of Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 1/2 To 3 Inch. Can you ship it to Australia. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 1/2 To 3 Inch. We need from China. If prices are good, We will place order of 1100 Pie [...]

Need to purchase Brass Ferrule Fittings, Size: 3/4 Inch And 3 Inch. Need to import in Canada. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings, Size: 3/4 Inch And 3 Inch. Our preferred supplier is from Taiwan. Our order quantit [...]

Any supplier who can provide KE Brass Ferrule Tube Fittings, Size: 3/4 inch and 2 inch. Need suppliers who can ship to Australia. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for KE Brass Ferrule Tube Fittings, Size: 3/4 inch and 2 inch. Need quotation from [...]

I want company to supply Bon Hydraulic Part Brass Ferrule, Size: 15 Mm, For Water And Fule. Need to get this in India. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Bon Hydraulic Part Brass Ferrule, Size: 15 Mm, For Water And Fule. Our preferred sele [...]

I am looking for Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 4 - 5 Inch for Industrial. Need suppliers who can ship to Germany. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings Size: 4 - 5 Inch for Industrial. Our preferred selection is from Taiwan. [...]

Need Brass Ferrules Fitting. Our shipment location is Canada. In search of USD Ask Buyer.4 per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules Fitting. We will choose sellers from Hong Kong. We want to import nearly 430 Pieces initially and the order will be On Time. [...]

Buy Brass Ferrule. Our required destination is Mexico. Need Ask Buyer.2 per Pieces price for bulk orders for Brass Ferrule. We need from China. The order size is 1300 Pieces initially and we buy this 6 Months.

I Want to purchase Brass Ferrule. Need suppliers who can ship to Russian Federation. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule. Need supplier from Malaysia. We require 590 Pieces initially and the ord [...]

I am looking for External Brass Ferrule. We are importing in South Africa. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for External Brass Ferrule. Need quotes from suppliers of Switzerland. We need approx 680 Pieces initially and we will place order [...]

Any supplier who can provide Brass Ferrule. We are importing in South Africa. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. We need from India. The order size is 1500 Pieces initially and we will place order Quarterly. [...]

Required Good quality Brass Ferrule. Need to import in South Africa. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Need to pick suppliers in India. The quantity we need to buy is 1500 Pieces initially and we require this product 6 Months. [...]

Want Brass Ferrules. We want shipment in Mexico. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. Need quotation from suppliers from Malaysia. Will buy approximately 1400 Pieces initially and we often buy Quarterly. [...]

Need supplier who can provide Brass Ferrules. Import location will be South Africa. Looking forward for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. We are more interested to buy from China. We want to import nearly 800 Pieces initially and we usu [...]

Buy Kohinoor Brass Ferrules. Need to import in Germany. Looking for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Kohinoor Brass Ferrules. Looking for suppliers from India. Our order quantity is 740 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be On Time. [...]

In need for Brass Ferrule Cock. I will import this to South Africa. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Cock. Preferred suppliers are from China. Will buy approximately 610 Pieces initially and the order will be Yearly. [...]

I require Brass Ferrule Cocks. We want shipment in Mexico. Expecting USD Ask Buyer.7 per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Cocks. Need supplier from India. Will buy approximately 990 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be On Time. [...]

Looking to buy Brass Ferrule Cock. Need suppliers who can ship to Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule Cock. We need from China. We need 1500 Pieces initially and the order frequency is [...]

I am looking for company to supply Brass Ferrule. Want suppliers who can export to Germany. Looking forward for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. We need from India. We want 1100 Pieces initially and the order frequency is On Time. [...]

Looking to purchase Brass Ferrule Fittings. We are importing in Mexico. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule Fittings. Need supplier from China. If prices are good, We will place order of 1400 Pieces initially and we will pla [...]

Looking to purchase Brass Ferrule. Need suppliers who can ship to Mexico. Please provide USD Ask Buyer.6 per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. We need from Switzerland. Our order quantity is 870 Pieces initially and we buy this On Time. [...]

Looking for Brass Ferrules. I will be importing it to Russian Federation. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrules. Expecting quotes from sellers in India. Our order will be of 780 Pieces initially [...]

I want supply of Brass Ferrule. We are importing in Mexico. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Our preferred supplier is from China. Quantity to import is 1300 Pieces initially and we require this product Quarterly. [...]

Looking to purchase Brass Ferrules. I will be importing it to Mexico. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrules. We will choose sellers from Malaysia. Will buy approximately 870 Pieces initially and w [...]

Want to purchase Brass Ferrules. Our shipment location is Germany. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. We need from China. Our order will be of 1400 Pieces initially and the import frequency is On Time. [...]

Need to purchase Brass Ferrule. Our destination port is Germany. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Our preferred sourcing location is China. We want to import nearly 1500 Pieces initially and we buy this Yearly. [...]

I Want to purchase Brass Ferrul Sleeves. Our destination port is South Africa. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrul Sleeves. Looking for suppliers from India. Will buy approximately 760 Pieces ini [...]

Any company selling Brass Ferrule. Our shipment location is Germany. We need a USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Any supplier from Switzerland. Our order quantity is 1300 Pieces initially and the order will be On Time. [...]

Need supplier who can provide 1 Inch Brass Ferrule. Import location will be Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for 1 Inch Brass Ferrule. Prefer to import from Switzerland. Our order quantity is 880 Pi [...]

Want supplier who can provide Brass Ferrules. I will import this to Germany. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. We will choose sellers from Malaysia. The quantity we need to buy is 600 Pieces initially and we buy this produ [...]

Buy Brass Ferrule. Can you ship it to Australia. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. We need from Switzerland. Will buy approximately 1200 Pieces initially and we usually import Yearly.

We require Brass Ferrule. Need suppliers who can ship to Germany. We need a USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Looking for suppliers from Taiwan. We need approx 1200 Pieces initially and the import frequency is 6 Months. [...]

Anyone selling Brass Ferrule. I will be importing it to Australia. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrule. Expecting quotes from sellers in Switzerland. We want 700 Pieces initially and the import frequency is Quarterly. [...]

Looking for Brass Ferrules. Need suppliers who can ship to South Africa. Looking for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. Expecting quotes from sellers in Switzerland. The order size is 1500 Pieces initially and we will place order Yearly. [...]

Want to purchase Brass Ferrules. We want shipment in Russian Federation. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Ferrules. Any supplier from Malaysia. We need approx 740 Pieces initially and we usually import 6 Months. [...]

Need supplier who can provide Brass Ferrule. Need shipment of these in Germany. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer.3 per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Ferrule. Our preferred supplier is from Switzerland. The order size is 1300 Pieces init [...]

Need to purchase Autoparts. We need it in Canada. Expecting USD 4.850549 per Pieces price for Autoparts. Looking for suppliers from China. We need approx 65 Pieces initially and we may place order Monthly.

best quality in our brand

Hi, Im interested in your product. I would like some more details.I look forward to your reply.

Place of Origin:CNZHEBrand Name:hadrwareMaterial:brasssColor:brushedSize:50-90mmUsage:Protect & SafetyApplication:Door ,gate,MOQ:500Port:Ningbo Shanghai Yiwu

Hi,Im interested in your product Nordic Black Door Handles for Interior Door Lever, I would like some more details.I look forward for your reply.Regards,

Type:Furniture Handle & KnobPlace of Origin:CNZHEUsage:CabinetUsage:DRAWERUsage:DresserUsage:WardrobeMaterial:Brass+Natural StoneBrand Name:TinyHobColor:As shownAccessories:ScrewPitch-row:10mmLength:22/27/32/37mm

Want supplier who can provide Sealing Ferrules. Need shipment of these in United Kingdom. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Sealing Ferrules. Preferred suppliers are from India. If prices are good, We will place order of 390 Pieces initially a [...]

Want supplier who can provide Insulated End Sealing Ferrule. Need to import in Australia. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Insulated End Sealing Ferrule. Our preferred supplier is from China. Our order quantity is 190 Pieces initially and [...]

I require Silver & Gold Brass Leaf Tray. I will import this to Canada. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Silver & Gold Brass Leaf Tray. Preferred suppliers are from India. The quantity we need to buy is 410 Pieces initially and if terms ar [...]

Looking for Brass Pineapple Pin Tray. We are importing in Australia. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Pineapple Pin Tray. Preferred suppliers are from India. Our order will be of 460 Pieces initially and we often buy 6 Months. [...]

Buy Brass Dry Fruit Tray. I will import this to Japan. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Dry Fruit Tray. Our preferred supplier is from Egypt. We need approx 470 Pieces initially and we may place order On [...]

I want company to supply Brass Gold Plated Grape Three Leaf Platter 6x6-BG0005. We want shipment in Canada. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Gold Plated Grape Three Leaf Platter 6x6-BG0005. Need quotation from suppliers from Paki [...]

Want to purchase Brass Tray. Need to get this in Canada. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Tray. We will choose sellers from Egypt. We want 340 Pieces initially and the order frequency is Yearly.

I want company to supply Fancy Brass Tray. Need suppliers who can ship to Italy. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Fancy Brass Tray. Preferred suppliers are from Taiwan. If prices are good, We will place order of 440 Pieces initially and the [...]

We require Brass-Mina Tray Set. Want suppliers who can export to Singapore. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass-Mina Tray Set. Need quotation from suppliers from Egypt. We want 220 Pieces initially and the import frequency is Yearly. [...]

Need to purchase Silver Plated Brass Round Fruit Bowl and Spoon. Need shipment of these in Canada. Please provide USD Ask Buyer.1 per Pieces price for Silver Plated Brass Round Fruit Bowl and Spoon. Need quotation from suppliers from Pakistan. Our order wil [...]

I Want to buy Silver Plated Brass Round Fruit Bowl and Spoon. I will import this to United Kingdom. Looking for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Silver Plated Brass Round Fruit Bowl and Spoon. Need supplier from Pakistan. Our order quantity is 410 Piec [...]

I Want to buy Brass Pineapple Pin Tray. Need to import in Canada. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Pineapple Pin Tray. Our preference is companies in Taiwan. If prices are good, We will place order of 510 Pieces initially and we buy this p [...]

Need supplier who can provide Serving Tray. We want shipment in Germany. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Serving Tray. We are more interested to buy from India. Will buy approximately 520 Pieces initially and if terms are good, we will order [...]

Looking for Brass Golden Finish Round Tray. Need to import in Singapore. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Golden Finish Round Tray. Our preferred sourcing location is Taiwan. Our order will be of 380 Pieces initially and we buy this produ [...]

We require Brown Brass Keshue Tray. Need to import in Canada. Should be USD Ask Buyer.5 per Pieces price for Brown Brass Keshue Tray. Our preferred sourcing location is Turkey. Our order will be of 230 Pieces initially and we will place order 6 Months. [...]

Want to purchase Brass Gold Plated Grape Three Leaf Platter 6x6-BG0005. Our required destination is Australia. Need Ask Buyer per Pieces price for bulk orders for Brass Gold Plated Grape Three Leaf Platter 6x6-BG0005. Our preference is companies in Pakis [...]

Looking for Rear End Sealing. Import location will be Vietnam. Looking for USD Ask Buyer.4 per Pieces price for Rear End Sealing. Our preferred selection is from India. If prices are good, We will place order of 260 Pieces initially and we buy this Yearly. [...]

I Want to purchase Brass Sora ( Shevaga ). Need to get this in United States. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Sora ( Shevaga ). We will choose sellers from India. If prices are good, We will place order of 6900 Pieces initially and we [...]

I want company to supply Fruit Bowls. We are importing in South Korea. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Fruit Bowls. Our preferred supplier is from China. Will buy approximately 480 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be 6 Months. [...]

I Want Brass Trays. Need shipment of these in Italy. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Trays. We need from India. We need approx 280 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be Yearly.

Looking for supply of Brass Fruit Bowl. Our required destination is United Kingdom. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowl. Need to pick suppliers in China. The order size is 460 Pieces initially and the order will be Quarterly. [...]

Buy Brass Fruit Bowl, Shape: Round. Need to get this in Australia. We need a USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowl, Shape: Round. Need quotation from suppliers from Pakistan. We want 480 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be On [...]

Any supplier who can provide Brass Fruit Bowl. Need suppliers who can ship to United Kingdom. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Fruit Bowl. Any supplier from China. We need approx 710 Pieces initially [...]

Need to purchase Brass Fruit Bowl, Shape: Round. Need to get this in Australia. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowl, Shape: Round. We are more interested to buy from Pakistan. We require 430 Pieces initially and the order will b [...]

I Want to buy Brass Pooja Tray Set. We need it in Singapore. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Pooja Tray Set. Prefer to import from Taiwan. We need approx 430 Pieces initially and the order frequency is Yearly. [...]

Any company selling Conical Brass Goblet Glass. Our shipment location is Thailand. Please provide USD Ask Buyer.4 per Pieces price for Conical Brass Goblet Glass. Our preference is companies in China. Our order quantity is 870 Pieces initially and we usuall [...]

We require Fruit Bowls. Want suppliers who can export to South Korea. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Fruit Bowls. Expecting quotes from sellers in China. We require 710 Pieces initially and we often buy Yearly. [...]

Anyone selling Golden Brass Coated Serving Tray. Need to get this in South Korea. Need Ask Buyer per Pieces price for bulk orders for Golden Brass Coated Serving Tray. Preferred suppliers are from India. The quantity we need to buy is 250 Pieces initiall [...]

Any supplier who can provide Brass Fruit Bowl. Our shipment location is Canada. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowl. Any supplier from China. Our order quantity is 750 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be 6 M [...]

Need supplier who can provide Brass Fruit Bowls. Need shipment of these in United Kingdom. Expecting USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowls. Need to pick suppliers in China. If prices are good, We will place order of 450 Pieces initially an [...]

Looking for supply of Brass Vintage Wine Glass. Need to get this in Canada. Looking forward for USD Ask Buyer.3 per Pieces price for Brass Vintage Wine Glass. Our preferred sourcing location is China. We require 640 Pieces initially and the order will be Q [...]

need to buy Brass Fruit Bowl. Need to import in Canada. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Fruit Bowl. We are more interested to buy from Pakistan. Will buy approximately 740 Pieces initially and we may [...]

I require Brass Fruit Bowl. Need to get this in South Korea. Looking forward for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Fruit Bowl. Looking for suppliers from China. We require 440 Pieces initially and the order will be 6 Months. [...]

Any supplier dealing in Brass Dry Fruit Tray. Our shipment location is Italy. Please provide USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Brass Dry Fruit Tray. Need supplier from India. We need 340 Pieces initially and we buy this 6 Months. [...]

I require Silver Plated Brass Dry Fruit Bowl. We are importing in United Kingdom. In search of USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Silver Plated Brass Dry Fruit Bowl. We need from China. The order size is 390 Pieces initially and the order will be Yearly. [...]

Looking for supply of Brass Trey. Need to get this in Singapore. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Trey. Need to pick suppliers in China. Our order will be of 530 Pieces initially and we may place order Q [...]

I want supply of Great Art Golden Brass Pin Tray. I will import this to Australia. Looking for USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Great Art Golden Brass Pin Tray. Preferred suppliers are from China. If prices are good, We will place order of 510 Pieces init [...]

Any company selling Fruit Tray Cum Platter Tray - Brass Sheet Tray. Our destination port is Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Fruit Tray Cum Platter Tray - Brass Sheet Tray. Need quotation from suppl [...]

Any supplier who can provide Tray Brass. We need it in Italy. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Tray Brass. Prefer to import from Pakistan. We want 250 Pieces initially and the buying frequency will be 6 Months. [...]

I Want Brass Fruit Bowl. Want suppliers who can export to Germany. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for Brass Fruit Bowl. Our preference is companies in Pakistan. Our order quantity is 570 Pieces initially and [...]

Want to purchase Golden And Silver Brass Dry Fruit Trays. Our shipment location is Japan. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Golden And Silver Brass Dry Fruit Trays. Prefer to import from India. We want to import nearly 430 Pieces initially and we [...]

I want company to supply Designer Brass Basket, Shape: Oval. Can you ship it to Canada. Should be USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Designer Brass Basket, Shape: Oval. Expecting quotes from sellers in China. The order size is 440 Pieces initially and we [...]

Any company who can provide Copper Crimping End Sealing Ferrules. I will be importing it to Australia. Any one offering USD Ask Buyer per Pieces price for Copper Crimping End Sealing Ferrules. Any supplier from China. We want 320 Pieces initially and the [...]

Looking for End Sealing Ferrules RSFI. Need to import in Australia. Our expected price is USD Ask Buyer per Pieces, Please quote your best price for End Sealing Ferrules RSFI. Our preference is companies in China. Quantity to import is 410 Pieces initial [...]