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We Breath ITInformation technology(IT) is the application ofcomputersto store, retrieve, transmit and manipulatedata,[1]often in the context of a business or other enterprise.[2]IT is considered a subset ofinformation and communications technology(ICT). In 2012, Zuppo proposed an ICT hierarchy where each hierarchy level contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications.[3]Business/IT was one level of the ICT hierarchy.The term is commonly used as asynonymfor computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses otherinformationdistribution technologies such as television and telephones. Severalindustriesare associated with information technology, includingcomputer hardware,software,electronics,semiconductors,internet,telecom equipment,engineering,healthcare,e-commerceand computer services.[4][a]Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since theSumeriansinMesopotamiadevelopedwritingin about 3000BC,[6]but the terminformation technologyin its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in theHarvard Business Review; authorsHarold J. Leavittand Thomas L. Whisler commented that the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT). Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.[7]Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000BC 1450AD), mechanical (14501840), electromechanical (18401940) electronic (1940present),[6]and moreover,IT as a service. This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.